Development of Charging Infrastructure in the Russian Regions: A Scenario Analysis

Dmitry Yu. Evdokimov – Junior Researcher of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (Moscow, Russia). E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Yury Yu. Ponomarev – Head of the Laboratory for Infrastructure and Spatial Research of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration; Senior Researcher of the Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, Candidate of Economic Sciences (Moscow, Russia). E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The development of electric cars and electric charging infrastructure is one of the breakthrough directions that form new markets based on modern technologies. The development of this sphere, organization of domestic production creates a «pulling effect» for technology, helps to develop related industries, creates conditions for further technological development of Russia.

The article considers the approaches to the planning of electric charging infrastructure at the regional level, on the basis of which a quantitative scenario analysis of the possible future dynamics of the number of electric cars and the necessary electric charging infrastructure for them in the context of Russian regions until 2030 is carried out.

The article was written on the basis of the RANEPA state assignment research programme.

Key words: infrastructure, electric charging stations, road network, planning, electric vehicles, electric charging stations, national development goals.

JEL-codes: L11, C54.

Economy of the EAEU Countries under Anti-Russian Sanctions

Nadezhda P. Volovik – Head of Foreign Trade Department of the Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy; Senior Researcher of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (Moscow, Russia). Е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

In the World Bank’s spring report, it was expected that most of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries with close trade ties with Russia would be hit hard by Russia’s falling economy on the back of the huge number of harsh sanctions imposed on Russia. However, most of the Commonwealth countries demonstrate notable resilience to geopolitical aggravation. Armenia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, members of the EAEU, have benefited from a surge in remittances and the number of citizens leaving Russia. Kazakhstan has additional income from oil and gas as a result of higher prices and increased exports. The Belarusian economy, which is under sanctions, showed negative growth.

Key words: EAEU countries, CIS, Russia, sanctions.

JEL-codes: E20, E22, E23, E31, E52.

Labor Market in the Summer of 2022: Trends and Prospects

Victor Yu. Lyashok – Senior Researcher of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Candidate of Economic Sciences (Moscow, Russia). Е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The unemployment rate continued declining in the summer of 2022, hitting 3.8% by August, which can be explained by the weak effect of sanctions and the outflow of some unemployed men to voluntary military service during the summer months. Despite the fact that the number of vacancies is decreasing, by mid-September the share of respondents who assessed the risks of losing their job next month as low increased. Compared with March of this year, the share of workers who believe it is difficult or very difficult to find a job with similar wages and working conditions declined in September. Unemployed workers were generally more positive about the likelihood of finding a job.

Key words: labor market, unemployment rate, employment, wages, sanctions, Monitoring of the social state.

JEL-codes: J21, J30, J60.

Suspention of MFN Regime is the Basis of Trade and Political Sanctions against Russia

Alexander A. Pakhomov – Leading Researcher of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Doctor of Economic Sciences (Moscow, Russia). E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

In the spring of 2022, Group of Seven (G7) countries and their allies, as part of the sanctions pressure, made a coordinated decision not to apply the most favored nation (MFN) regime at the national level in trade in goods and services with respect to Russia. This extraordinary step will have far-reaching negative consequences for the functioning of the country’s foreign trade

The article was prepared as part of the research work of the state task of the RANEPA.

Key words: most favored nation regime, Russian Federation, sanctions, discrimination, World Trade Organization.

JEL-codes: F02.

SMEs under Anti-Russian Sanctions: Results of the First Half of the Year and Possible Support Measures

Ksenia V. Demidova – Junior Researcher of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (Moscow, Russia). E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Trends in the sector of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from January to June 2022, as well as established mechanisms of state support in the context of anti-Russian sanctions are analyzed. The foreign experience of supporting technological entrepreneurship in the conditions of sanctions is considered. It is shown that during the period under consideration there have not yet been significant negative changes in the sector, although the number of SMEs is already beginning to decline in comparison with similar periods of previous years.

The consequences will be more noticeable the next year, as the effects of the sanctions restrictions in terms of supplies, equipment, financing, etc. will begin to appear. The support measures that exist at the moment are rather operational and the most complete and substantial assistance is provided to the IT sphere, while the general support is limited mainly to administrative measures, although for SMEs is represented by a broader set of formats. The article was written on the basis of the RANEPA state assignment research programme.

The article was written on the basis of the RANEPA state assignment research programme.

Key words: SMEs, sanctions, support measures, economy.

JEL-codes: M21, O12, O18, O25.

Federal Budget Execution over 9 months of 2022

Sergey G. Belev – Head of Budget Policy Department of the Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy; Senior Researcher of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Candidate of Economic Sciences (Moscow, Russia). Е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Tatyana V. Tischenko – Senior Researcher of the Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy; Senior Researcher of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Candidate of Economic Sciences (Moscow, Russia). Е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The federal budget for 9 months of 2022 was executed with a surplus of Rb 54.7 bn. The dynamics of revenues is slowing down, with the growth of rental revenues by 1.4 p.p. against the same period of the previous year and does not compensate for the fall of non-oil and gas revenues by 2.0 p.p. of GDP. Apparently, the federal budget revenues will make about 19% of GDP at year-end. The Budget execution on expenditures for the three quarters of 2022 is ahead of the last year and reached 18.8% of GDP, which is by 1.2 p.p. of GDP higher than a year ago. The increase in expenditures is mainly due to an increase in funding for closed budget items. According to our estimates, the volume of budget expenditures for the entire year of 2022 may exceed 20% of GDP.

Key words: federal budget, revenue, oil and gas revenues, non-oil and gas revenues, expenditure, taxes.

JEL-codes: H11, H50, H62, H63.

Technical and Methodological Challenges of Collecting Price Data from Online Retailers

Alexey S. Evseev – Researcher of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (Moscow, Russia). E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Rodion R. Latypov – Head of Macroeconomic Research, Economist of the JSC Arowana Capital (Moscow, Russia). E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Egor A. Postolit – Analyst of the JSC Arowana Capital (Moscow, Russia). E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Elena S. Sinelnikova-Muryleva – Senior Researcher of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Candidate of Economic Sciences (Moscow, Russia). E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Price data from online retailers is a valuable source for economics. The use of these data makes it possible to refine inflation forecasts and anticipate future trends in the moment, refine estimates of price rigidity and the conclusions of theoretical pricing models, and test the law of one price. However, there are major difficulties in the data collection process that are not obvious and can threaten both the quality of the data collected and the sustainability of the collection process over time.

The article, for the first time in the literature, discusses in detail the technical and methodological problems that impede the continuous collection of data on the network and presents our experience in solving these problems. The pros and cons of solutions to emerging problems are discussed.

The article was written on the basis of the RANEPA state assignment research programme for 2022.

Key words: prices of online retailers, web-scrapping, inflation, alternative data, big data.

JEL-codes: C81, C82, E31, C55.

Balance of Payments in Q3 2022

Alexandra V. Bozhechkova – Head of Monetary Policy Department of the Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy; Senior Researcher of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Candidate of Economic Sciences (Moscow, Russia). Е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Alexander Yu. Knobel – Head of Foreign Trade Department of the Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy; Director of Center for Foreign Trade Department of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration; Director of the Institute for International Economics and Finance, Russian Foreign Trade Academy, Candidate of Economic Sciences (Moscow, Russia). Е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Pavel V. Trunin – Head of Center for Macroeconomics and Finance of the Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy; Director of Center for Сentral Banks Studies of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Doctor of Economic Sciences (Moscow, Russia). Е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Based on the results of Q3 2022, the current account surplus fell by 32% as compared to Q2 2022 owing to a gradual reduction in exports in value terms and a pickup in imports amid sanctions and establishment of alternative sources of supplies. In Q3 2022, the deficit of the financial account which includes reserve assets decreased somewhat on Q1 2022 and Q2 2022. If in H1 2022 the financial account deficit was formed primarily on the back of a decrease in liabilities to non-residents, in Q3 2022 the negative financial balance was driven by growth in the private sector’s foreign assets. In Q3 2022, the appreciation of the Russian ruble was facilitated by trade balance surplus and restrictions on capital movement.

Key words: balance of payment, exports, imports, current account, ruble exchange rate, outflow/inflow of capital, Bank of Russia.

JEL-codes: E58, E44, F32, F21, F31.

Survey of Current Business (August-November 2022)

Sergey P. Aukutsionek – Head of Center for Transition Economy Studies, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences, Candidate of Economic Sciences (Moscow, Russia). E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Andrey S. Yegorov – Senior Researcher of the Center for Transition Economy Studies, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences, Candidate of Economic Sciences (Moscow, Russia). E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Inessa A. Bachirova – Researcher of the Center for Transition Economy Studies, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russia). E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Tatyana V. Serzhantova – Researcher of the Center for Transition Economy Studies, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russia). E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

In August 2022, the diffusion index of prices for purchased products decreased by another 12 percentage points and reached the lowest value in 4.5 years – 41%. The diffusion indices of wages and order-book level (57% each) and output (50%) looked quite optimistic. The diffusion index of equipment purchases grew for four months in a row and for the first time this year reached such a high value (for itself) of 39%. The share of enterprises that are not going to take new loans from banks in the next 3 months decreased by 10 points and amounted to 44%.

Key words: Russia, industry, industrial enterprises, price level, wages, employment, output, investment, indebtedness to banks, order-book level, stocks of finished products, capacity utilization rate, financial situation, production restrictive factors.

JEL-codes: D22, D24, G31, L23, P23.