Approaches to a Long-term Care System Integration in Russia in Comparison with Foreign Countries

Maria G. Girich – Researcher of Russia-OECD Center under the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (Moscow, Russia). Е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Tatyana A. Ilyushnikova – Deputy Minister of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation (Moscow, Russia). Е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Svyatoslav O. Sorokin – Director of Department for Social Services and Non-Profit Sector Development, Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation (Moscow, Russia). E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Antonina D. Levashenko – Senior Researcher of the Institute of International Economics and Finance, Russian Foreign Trade Academy under the Ministry for Economic Development of the Russian Federation (Moscow Russia). Е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Ivan S. Ermokhin – Researcher of the Institute of International Economics and Finance, Russian Foreign Trade Academy under the Ministry for Economic Development of the Russian Federation (Moscow Russia). Е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.  

Since 2018, long-term care system has been launched in Russia to provide social, medical and rehabilitation (habilitation) services to elderly and disabled people in need of care. Long-term care system supports an opportunity to elderly and disabled people to self-serve, move independently, and provide basic life needs. It is planned that by the end of 2023, the long-term care system will be launched in all regions of Russia.

The article analyzes the main problems that the state and regions have encountered in implementing the system, including issues of financing services, processes and criteria for determining the level of need, the time of care and the list of services for each recipient of services, etc. The article presents a comparison of the system of long-term care in Russia and in foreign countries, and also developed proposals to overcome problems mentioned above in Russia, taking into account international experience.

Key words: long-term care system, OECD, social service providers, social services, elderly people, disabled people.

JEL-codes: H53, I38.

Monetary Authorities’ Experience in Considering Climate Risks

Alina M. Grebenkina – Researcher of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration; Associate Professor at the Faculty of Economics of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Candidate of Economic Sciences (Moscow, Russia). E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article provides a review how central banks consider climate risk while achieving goals of monetary policy and financial stability. The areas of considering contain the following: justification of the impact of climate risks on financial risks; conducting climate risk stress tests; introducing climate risks into economic models; obtaining quantitative assessment of the sensitivity of macroeconomic variables to climate risks; adjusting the monetary policy strategy.

The article was written on the basis of the RANEPA state assignment research programme.

Key words: monetary policy, climate-related risks.

JEL-codes: E52, E58, Q54.

Development of the Professional Career of Teachers in their Assessment: Results of Sociological Research

Alexey S. Tishchenko – Leading Researcher of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Candidate of Economic Sciences (Moscow, Russia). E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Svetlana E. Novikova – Researcher of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (Moscow, Russia). E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Galina S. Tokareva – Researcher of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (Moscow, Russia). E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

A significant role in achieving the established targets in the field of general education is played by personnel policy aimed at attracting young specialists to the school, retaining a highly qualified teaching corps in the industry, and providing directions for growth and self-realization in the teaching profession. At the same time, as a sociological study by the Center for Economics of Lifelong Education of the RANEPA has shown, only every fifth teacher considers career opportunities. The article presents the results of a study that reveals teachers’ vision of career prospects depending on their age, self-assessment of financial situation, type of settlement, and other characteristics of professional activity (qualification category, subject taught, teaching experience).

The article was written on the basis of the RANEPA state assignment research programme.

Key words: school education, sociological research, professional activities of teachers, career.

JEL-codes: I20, I21.

Survey of Current Business (August-November 2023)

Sergey P. Aukutsionek – Head of Center for Transition Economy Studies, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences, Candidate of Economic Sciences (Moscow, Russia). E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Andrey S. Yegorov – Senior Researcher of the Center for Transition Economy Studies, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences, Candidate of Economic Sciences (Moscow, Russia). E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Inessa A. Bachirova – Researcher of the Center for Transition Economy Studies, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russia). E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Tatyana V. Serzhantova – Researcher of the Center for Transition Economy Studies, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russia). E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

In August 2023, many of the indicators surveyed by REB again looked quite optimistic; some were at record high positions in the entire history of REB’s observations. For example, capacity utilization rate remained record high – 90% (second place). The volume of orders was 101% of the normal monthly level, equated to 100 (third place). The share of enterprises in «good» or «normal» financial condition reached 92% (second place). The share of enterprises that have no debts to banks and are not expected to have in the next three months increased to 57% (second place). The diffusion index of stocks of finished products, on the contrary, reached an «absolute» historical minimum for more than 30 years (30%).

Key words: Russia, industry, industrial enterprises, price level, wages, employment, output, investment, indebtedness to banks, order-book level, stocks of finished products, capacity utilization rate, financial situation, production restrictive factors.

JEL-codes: D22, D24, G31, L23, P23.

Movement of Goods across the Customs Border in Violation of Customs Legislation as a Way of Shadow Activities

Olga B. Ilyina – Associate Professor of the Department of Economic Security of the Kaliningrad State Technical University, Candidate of Economic Sciences (Kaliningrad, Russia). Е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The cross-border nature of the shadow economy involves the movement of goods and funds across the customs border with the concealment of information from the customs authorities in order to obtain unregistered income. This study classifies violations of customs legislation when moving goods across the customs border in terms of obtaining shadow income. The article identifies the causes and costs of shadow activities when moving goods across the customs border. The dependence of the profitability of shadow activities on the detection of offenses is indicated. The statistics of offenses detected during the movement of goods across the customs border in order to obtain shadow incomes is given. The measures taken by the customs authorities in order to suppress this activity are determined.

The results of the study can be used for further development of ways to improve in the field of suppression of shadow activities when moving goods across the customs border, algorithmization and formalization of these processes.

Key words: violation of customs legislation, shadow economy, shadow activity, concealment from customs authorities, false declaration.

JEL-codes: E26, F52, Z18.

Industrial Production Dynamics in Q2 2023

Ksenia A. Kasyanova – Junior Researcher of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (Moscow, Russia). E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Andrey S. Kaukin – Acting Head of the Scientific Direction «Real sector», Head of Department for Sectorial Markets and Infrastructure of the Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, Candidate of Economic Sciences (Moscow, Russia). Е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Eugenia M. Miller – Acting Head of Department of System Analysis of Sectorial Markets of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (Moscow, Russia). Е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The industrial sector in Q2 2023 continued to grow on the back of the industries focused mainly on the domestic market, as well as due to increased demand for intermediate products for the State Defense Procurement.

The article was prepared as part of the research work of the RANEPA’s state task for 2023.

Key words: industry, sectors of the economy, mining industry, manufacturing industries, Rosstat, sanctions.

JEL-codes: L16, L6, L7, L8, L9.

Taxation of Cross-border E-commerce in Asia

Elena Ye. Chernyakova – Acting Head and Senior Researcher of Department for Tax System Development of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (Moscow, Russia). Е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Lubov A. Aslapovskaya – Junior Researcher of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (Moscow, Russia). Е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

E-commerce is actively developing all over the world; China, as well as several other Asian countries, are among the ten major participants in e-commerce in the world, but Russia is not. At the same time, the EAEU member countries (Kazakhstan and Belarus) amended their tax legislation in 2022, Armenia, Kyrgyzstan in 2023 worsening the situation of Russian participants in online trading. The supranational tax legislation of the EAEU does not reflect the realities of the current level of e-commerce development and makes it possible for member countries to introduce tax legislation provisions that disincentivize the development of cross-border e-commerce in the EAEU.

The article examines the taxation of e-commerce in several Asian countries, some of which are leaders in e-commerce in the world, as well as strategic partners of Russia.

Key words: VAT, e-commerce, country of destination principle, country of origin principle, EAEU, Russia, China, India, Malaysia, Indonesia.

JEL-codes: H20, H25, K 34, F10.

Russia’s Development Aid Becomes Bilateral

Yury K. Zaitsev – Senior Researcher of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor (Moscow, Russia). Е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Alexander Yu. Knobel – Head of Foreign Trade Department of the Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy; Director of Center for Foreign Trade Department of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration; Director of Institute for International Economics and Finance, Russian Foreign Trade Academy, Candidate of Economic Sciences (Moscow, Russia). Е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

In 2023, Russia continued to provide economic and humanitarian aid to the poorest countries of the world. Below is an overview of the main trends of Russia’s aid to international development (IDA) based on open sources of information. In the course of monitoring, a trend evidencing the transition to bilateral development assistance programs in accordance with the new priorities of the updated IDA Concept in 2023 was recorded.

Key words: official development aid, assistance to international development, bilateral programs of development assistance, EAEU countries.

JEL-codes: F02, F21, F35.

Establishment of a Mechanism to Quantify Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Coal Mines

Ilya A. Nagaitzev – Postgraduate Student of the Siberian State Industrial University (Novokuznetsk, Russia). Е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Tatiana V. Petrova – Professor of the Department of Economics and Management, Siberian State Industrial University, Doctor of Economic Sciences (Novokuznetsk, Russia). Е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The article presents the distribution of greenhouse gas emissions from various sectors of the Russian economy, adopted legal acts in relation to the development of carbon regulation. The article considers the implementation of one of the regulatory tools – quotas for greenhouse gas emissions – in relation to the activities of coal mining enterprises (mines). Calculation of quotas for greenhouse gas emissions for coal mines under several development scenarios. The conclusions about the gradual reduction of quotas for greenhouse gas emissions for enterprises have been made.

It is noted in the conclusion that coal mining companies in planning and approval of strategies should take into account the development of carbon regulation and the transition to a low-carbon economy in Russia, gradually introducing management business processes related to accounting, analysis and management of greenhouse gas emissions.

Key words: sustainable development, greenhouse gases, carbon regulation, quotas, coal mining.

JEL-codes: Q01, Q35, Q54.

Balance of Payments in Q3 2023

Alexandra V. Bozhechkova – Head of Monetary Policy Department of the Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy; Senior Researcher of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Candidate of Economic Sciences (Moscow, Russia). Е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Alexander Yu. Knobel – Head of Foreign Trade Department of the Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy; Director of Center for Foreign Trade Department of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration; Director of the Institute for International Economics and Finance, Russian Foreign Trade Academy, Candidate of Economic Sciences (Moscow, Russia). Е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Pavel V. Trunin – Head of Center for Macroeconomics and Finance of the Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy; Director of Center for Central Banks Studies of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Doctor of Economic Sciences (Moscow, Russia). Е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

At the end of Q3 2023, the current account surplus fell 3 times compared to Q3 2022 against the backdrop of both a decrease in the value of exports and an increase in the value of imports. The financial account deficit was formed in the wake of the outstripping increase in foreign assets (including reserve assets) compared to the growth of foreign liabilities. These trends resulted in the weakening of the ruble. This being said, the ruble was supported by the tightening of monetary policy, as well as the suspension of foreign exchange purchases by the Bank of Russia within the framework of mirroring regular operations of the Finance Ministry of the Russian Federation.

Key words: balance of payment, exports, imports, current account, ruble exchange rate, outflow/inflow of capital, Bank of Russia.

JEL-codes: E58, E44, F32, F21, F31.